问渠WenQuest Robotics 数字工厂 · 典型应用Digital factory · cases › 协作机器人关节Collaborative Robot Joint

典型应用 01 · 设计院 → 工厂 · 12 步Case 01 · design office → factory · 12 steps

一台协作机器人的肩关节,能不能只用现成零件做出来?Can a cobot shoulder joint be built from off-the-shelf parts alone?

以 UR5e 一类协作臂为对象:先算出关节要多大力矩,再从零件库里选电机、谐波减速器和驱动器,做强度、疲劳、热分析和拓扑优化,编好数控程序;然后发布到问渠数字工厂,进 ERP、排 MRP、下 MES 工单,车间把它做出来。Take a UR5e-class arm. Work out the torque each joint needs, pick a motor, harmonic reducer and drive from the parts library, check strength, fatigue and heat, optimize the arm plate and write the CNC programs. Then release it to the WenQuest digital factory, where ERP, MRP and MES take it all the way to finished parts.

肩关节峰值力矩Shoulder peak torque
92.5N·m
空心轴安全系数Hollow shaft safety factor
12.8
侧板柔度(优化后)Plate compliance (optimized)
933→154
车间完工工单Work orders completed
3

12 步:从需求到车间完工12 steps: from requirement to finished parts

点任意一步,看这一步做了什么、得出什么数、产出了什么。绿色是通过,黄色是“待确认”:零件库缺数据,平台如实停下,没有估值。Click any step to see what was done, what numbers came out and what was produced. Green passed; amber is “to be confirmed”: the library lacked data, so the platform stopped instead of guessing.

设计院Design officeFreeCAD AI 零件库FreeCAD AI parts library

↓ 发布为方案 Released as COBOT-J2 第 1 版,带自制件 RJ-201、J2-HSG 和总装工艺COBOT-J2 rev 1, with made parts RJ-201, J2-HSG and the assembly routing

数字工厂Digital factoryERP · MES · 厂情中枢command center

还没定下来的地方What is still open

演练里卡住的地方都照实记下。每一条都是学生在课上可以接着做的题目。Everything that stalled in the run is recorded as it is. Each item is a problem students can pick up in class.

电机与减速器的法兰能不能对上Will the motor and reducer flanges mate?

零件库缺分度圆直径、孔数和孔的形式,配合检查 C3 判为“待确认”。其余 C1、C2、C4–C7、C9、C10 通过。The library lacks bolt-circle diameter, hole count and hole type, so fit check C3 is “to be confirmed”. C1, C2, C4–C7, C9 and C10 pass.

惯量比Inertia ratio

谐波减速器缺输入侧惯量,C8 无法判定。补齐样本数据后可以重算。The harmonic reducer has no input-side inertia on file, so C8 cannot be judged until the catalogue value is added.

减速器还能用多久How long will the reducer last?

CSF-32 缺额定寿命和额定输入转速,数字孪生算不出剩余寿命。补录规格书后即可计算。CSF-32 lacks rated life and rated input speed, so the digital twin cannot compute remaining life until the datasheet is added.

采购交期Purchase lead times

三家供应商都没有登记提前期,工厂按“交期待确认”排程,请购单需求日暂按当天。No supplier has a lead time on file; the factory schedules with “lead time to be confirmed” and dates requests today.

壳体温度偏高Housing runs hot

按连续往复运动估算,壳体最高 89.7 °C。实际工况有停顿,或者要加散热,这是偏保守的结果。With non-stop motion the housing peaks at 89.7 °C. Real duty has pauses, or needs cooling; the figure is conservative.

演练用的假设Assumptions in this run

满载 5 kg 水平伸直为最不利工况;机械臂各节质量来自外部测量;数控程序用的是示例机床(虚构);控制柜按 200 V 交流,真实协作臂多用 48 V 直流关节。Worst case is the arm level with 5 kg; link masses come from external measurements; CNC programs target fictional example machines; the cabinet is 200 V AC, while real cobots mostly use 48 V DC joints.

数据不够就停下来,说清缺什么,不估一个数凑结论。真实的工程就是这样做的。When data run out, stop and say what is missing; never guess a number to reach a verdict. That is how real engineering works.

这个案例用到的课Courses behind this case

每一步背后都是一门课里的一章。Every step is a chapter in one of our courses.

  • 机器人学RoboticsUR5e 运动学与虚拟实验(已上线);第 23–29 章动力学、第 32 章传动与减速器、第 36 章电机与驱动(编写中)UR5e kinematics and virtual labs (online); Ch. 23–29 dynamics, Ch. 32 transmissions, Ch. 36 motors and drives (in writing)部分上线Partly online
  • 机械设计Machine Design第 33.10 节:协作机器人肩关节空心轴 RJ-201§33.10: the cobot shoulder hollow shaft RJ-201教材已上线Online
  • 机械制造技术Manufacturing Technology工艺规程、粗基准与装夹、数控车削与铣削Process plans, datums and fixturing, CNC turning and milling教材编写中In writing
  • 伺服驱动与运动控制Servo Drives and Motion Control电机、减速器、驱动器的选型与校核Selecting and checking motor, reducer and drive特色选修 · 建设中Elective · planned
  • ERP 原理与实践 · 制造执行系统 MESERP and MES物料与 BOM、MRP、请购、工单与报工Items and BOMs, MRP, purchasing, work orders特色选修 · 建设中Elective · planned
  • 智能制造与数字孪生Smart Manufacturing and Digital Twins厂情中枢:异常、追因、推演与决策Command center: anomalies, root cause, what-if, decisions特色选修 · 建设中Elective · planned

自己做一遍Do it yourself

  1. 实验 9Lab 9:机械臂关节力矩与电机选型: Arm joint torque and motor sizing
  2. 实验 8Lab 8:输出轴强度与疲劳校核: Output shaft strength and fatigue
  3. 实验 12Lab 12:一根轴的数字化设计与两个典型案例: Digital design of a shaft
  4. 实验 7Lab 7:数字工厂闭环(订单 → 车间 → 入库): The factory loop: order → shop → stock

学校或企业预约演示工厂:Schools and companies, book a factory demo: info@wenquestrobotics.com

本案例的成果文件:Files produced in this case: RJ-201.step、J2-HSG.step、upper-arm-plate.step、O1001.nc、O1002.nc、O5001.nc、bom.csv、candidate-1.urdf